Robotic Arm design and manufacturing process using CNC machine.

ABSTRACT

An automated arm is a kind of mechanical arm, normally programmable, with comparable capacities to a human arm; the arm might be the aggregate of the system or might be a piece of a more mind-boggling robot. The connections of such a controller are associated by joints permitting either rotational movement, (for example, in a verbalized robot) or translational (straight) displacement. The connections of the controller can be considered to frame a kinematic chain. The end of the kinematic chain of the controller is known as the end effector and it is practically equivalent to the human hand.

INTRODUCTION

The term robot comes from the Czech word robota, generally translated as "forced labor." This describes the majority of robots fairly well. Most robots in the world are designed for heavy, repetitive manufacturing work. They handle tasks that are difficult, dangerous or boring to human beings.

The most common manufacturing robot is the robotic arm. A typical robotic arm is made up of seven metal segments, joined by six joints. The computer controls the robot by rotating individual step motors connected to each joint (some larger arms use hydraulics or pneumatics). Unlike ordinary motors, step motors move in exact increments (check out Anaheim Automation to find out how). This allows the computer to move the arm very precisely, repeating exactly the same movement over and over again. The robot uses motion sensors to make sure it moves just the right amount.

An industrial robot with six joints closely resembles a human arm -- it has the equivalent of a shoulder, an elbow and a wrist. Typically, the shoulder is mounted to a stationary base structure rather than to a movable body. This type of robot has six degrees of freedom, meaning it can pivot in six different ways. A human arm, by comparison, has seven degrees of freedom.

This content is not compatible on this device.

Your arm's job is to move your hand from place to place. Similarly, the robotic arm's job is to move an end effector from place to place. You can outfit robotic arms with all sorts of end effectors, which are suited to a particular application. One common end effector is a simplified version of the hand, which can grasp and carry different objects. Robotic hands often have built-in pressure sensors that tell the computer how hard the robot is gripping a particular object. This keeps the robot from dropping or breaking whatever it's carrying. Other end effectors include blowtorches, drills and spray painters.

Industrial robots are designed to do exactly the same thing, in a controlled environment, over and over again. For example, a robot might twist the caps onto peanut butter jars coming down an assembly line. To teach a robot how to do its job, the programmer guides the arm through the motions using a handheld controller. The robot stores the exact sequence of movements in its memory, and does it again and again every time a new unit comes down the assembly line.

Most industrial robots work in auto assembly lines, putting cars together. Robots can do a lot of this work more efficiently than human beings because they are so precise. They always drill in the exactly the same place, and they always tighten bolts with the same amount of force, no matter how many hours they've been working. Manufacturing robots are also very important in the computer industry. It takes an incredibly precise hand to put together a tiny microchip.

METHODODLOGY

The component selected was a robotic arm, see figure 1

Figure 1 robotic arm selected

Scope

·  Design of robotic arm using Solidwork ,the manufacturing process using CNC machine, degrees of freedom.

Number of parts in the robotic arm

Class 1: Screws

             Flat screws – 20 counts (C -1.1)

Class 2:  Servo motors

Base: used for ensuring that the arm is firms held and mounted on a table or an appropriate resting/mounting surface

Shoulder: one of the links of the arm extended to obtain the required lengths as desired in depending on the position of the object, these parts also houses servo motors.

Wrist: also another link it also carries or houses the grippers

Gripper:  used for holding tight the item to be lifted

Servo motors: used for providing the necessary movements of the various parts or the links of the entire arm, they keep altering the angle to obtain the desired length in reference to the object.

Assembled:

MATERIALS USED FOR COMPONENTS

Aluminum in all components.

Manufacturing processes:

Shoulder: using milling machine from CNC coding.

Wrist: using milling machine from CNC coding.

Gripper: using milling machine from CNC coding.

Base. using milling machine from CNC coding.

C Base: using milling machine from CNC coding.

Servo motors: store

Screws - store 

Part B

Complete manufacturing process for a robotic arm

In all mechanical assembling forms where loads of items are delivered each hour and at a given time interim, it turns out to be so hard to enlist numerous laborers to achieve the errands of moving the things toward the end particularly in a line gathering framework, consequently with the development in innovation and requirement for computerization an automated arm proves to be useful at this territory and subsequently does the picking of totally collected things from a transport in a line get together framework for example and exchanges them to a capacity zone or pressing area and it does over and again until the point that all the assembling procedure ends.

Components and simulation:

Gripper:

CNC Codes:

 (Made by a custom postprocessor, use at your own risk)

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M30

Wrist:

 CNC Codes:

(Made by a custom postprocessor, use at your own risk)

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G01 X70 Y30.7

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G01 X70 Y29.8

Y29.35

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G01 X70 Y21.7

G00 Z8

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X20 Y20 F100

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(p5)

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G01 X36.963 Y110.95

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G01 X53.352

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G01 X36.369

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G01 X54.818

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(p6)

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M5 M9 M20

M30